ICDSoft Reseller Partner Program

A flexible solution designed to help you grow your business

Purchase hosting accounts for as low as $10.00$1.00/mo.

Resell hosting accounts, domain names, and SSL certificates.

Join our free white-label partner program with automated processing and billing.

Free ICDSoft reseller account.

"I have been an ICDSoft customer for 5 years now. You guys are consistently innovating, and improving your hosting services. There is no noise, ridiculous extra fees, and there is a friendly control panel. Also, the best service in the industry. I also enjoy the high level of flexibility your platform provides. It's perfect."

Chris Powell
http://www.brandmin.io/

Web Agencies and Developers

We provide reliable server infrastructure, billing solutions, and technical support. Focus on web design, development, and your clients, not on server management.

Start Your Own Hosting Company

Did you know that we at ICDSoft started our business as a reseller? Join our program today, and you can have a fully functioning hosting company within a few hours!

Create a Hosting Company Website for Free

Top Partner Program Features

Free Credit Line

After the number of hosting accounts you have with us reaches a certain value, the Overdraft feature will be automatically enabled, allowing you to purchase services on credit from us. One payment on a monthly basis is all that is needed to cover your credit orders.

Volume Discounts

You can get your second account with a 40% discount, and it goes up with the number of your accounts. If you reach six active accounts, you will be eligible for a 90% discount for new purchases.

Free White Label Solution

Whitelabeling is available for free for all accounts. This is the ultimate solution for designers and agencies. You can forget about managing servers, billing and customer support, and focus on what you do best.

All The Great Hosting Features Your Customers Expect

15-minute Response Guarantee

Nobody should waste their time waiting in line to get in touch with customer service. We respond to each support ticket within 15 minutes.

Daily Backups

Backups are a requirement, not a feature. We make automated daily backups of your accounts, and we keep them on our servers for seven days. You can also create backups manually and restore at any time.

Fast and Reliable Servers

We own our servers and choose only top of the line hardware. All our servers are equipped with solid-state disks (SSD) and are running the latest Xeon Processors.

Reseller Discounts for Hosting Packages

All resellers benefit from our discount policy. Discounts increase with the number of hosting plans you have in your account. For example, if you have 5 hosting accounts and you wish to purchase a sixth one, you can get it with an 80% discount. For full details and sample prices for an Economy US plan, check the table below.

Select plan:
Existing accountsNew accountMonthly priceRenewalMonthly price
0 0% $10.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $6.00 20% $8.00
2 50% $5.00 25% $7.50
3 60% $4.00 30% $7.00
4 70% $3.00 35% $6.50
5 80% $2.00 40% $6.00
6 90% $1.00 45% $5.50
7+ 90% $1.00 50% $5.00
0 0% $12.50 N/A N/A
1 40% $7.50 20% $10.00
2 50% $6.25 25% $9.38
3 60% $5.00 30% $8.75
4 70% $3.75 35% $8.13
5 80% $2.50 40% $7.50
6 90% $1.25 45% $6.88
7+ 90% $1.25 50% $6.25
0 0% $50.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $30.00 20% $40.00
2 50% $25.00 25% $37.50
3 60% $20.00 30% $35.00
4 70% $15.00 35% $32.50
5 80% $10.00 40% $30.00
6 90% $5.00 45% $27.50
7+ 90% $5.00 50% $25.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $99.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
2 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
3 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
4 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
5 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
6 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
7+ 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
0 0% $299.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
2 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
3 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
4 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
5 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
6 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
7+ 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
0 0% $19.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
2 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
3 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
4 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
5 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
6 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
7+ 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $20.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $12.00 20% $16.00
2 50% $10.00 25% $15.00
3 60% $8.00 30% $14.00
4 70% $6.00 35% $13.00
5 80% $4.00 40% $12.00
6 90% $2.00 45% $11.00
7+ 90% $2.00 50% $10.00
0 0% $60.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $36.00 20% $48.00
2 50% $30.00 25% $45.00
3 60% $24.00 30% $42.00
4 70% $18.00 35% $39.00
5 80% $12.00 40% $36.00
6 90% $6.00 45% $33.00
7+ 90% $6.00 50% $30.00
0 0% $0.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $0.00 20% $0.00
2 50% $0.00 25% $0.00
3 60% $0.00 30% $0.00
4 70% $0.00 35% $0.00
5 80% $0.00 40% $0.00
6 90% $0.00 45% $0.00
7+ 90% $0.00 50% $0.00
Select plan:
Existing accountsNew accountMonthly priceRenewalMonthly price
0 0% $10.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $6.00 20% $8.00
2 50% $5.00 25% $7.50
3 60% $4.00 30% $7.00
4 70% $3.00 35% $6.50
5 80% $2.00 40% $6.00
6 90% $1.00 45% $5.50
7+ 90% $1.00 50% $5.00
0 0% $12.50 N/A N/A
1 40% $7.50 20% $10.00
2 50% $6.25 25% $9.38
3 60% $5.00 30% $8.75
4 70% $3.75 35% $8.13
5 80% $2.50 40% $7.50
6 90% $1.25 45% $6.88
7+ 90% $1.25 50% $6.25
0 0% $50.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $30.00 20% $40.00
2 50% $25.00 25% $37.50
3 60% $20.00 30% $35.00
4 70% $15.00 35% $32.50
5 80% $10.00 40% $30.00
6 90% $5.00 45% $27.50
7+ 90% $5.00 50% $25.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $99.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
2 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
3 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
4 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
5 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
6 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
7+ 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
0 0% $299.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
2 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
3 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
4 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
5 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
6 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
7+ 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
0 0% $19.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
2 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
3 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
4 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
5 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
6 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
7+ 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $20.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $12.00 20% $16.00
2 50% $10.00 25% $15.00
3 60% $8.00 30% $14.00
4 70% $6.00 35% $13.00
5 80% $4.00 40% $12.00
6 90% $2.00 45% $11.00
7+ 90% $2.00 50% $10.00
0 0% $60.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $36.00 20% $48.00
2 50% $30.00 25% $45.00
3 60% $24.00 30% $42.00
4 70% $18.00 35% $39.00
5 80% $12.00 40% $36.00
6 90% $6.00 45% $33.00
7+ 90% $6.00 50% $30.00
0 0% $0.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $0.00 20% $0.00
2 50% $0.00 25% $0.00
3 60% $0.00 30% $0.00
4 70% $0.00 35% $0.00
5 80% $0.00 40% $0.00
6 90% $0.00 45% $0.00
7+ 90% $0.00 50% $0.00
Select plan:
Existing accountsNew accountMonthly priceRenewalMonthly price
0 0% $20.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $12.00 20% $16.00
2 50% $10.00 25% $15.00
3 60% $8.00 30% $14.00
4 70% $6.00 35% $13.00
5 80% $4.00 40% $12.00
6 90% $2.00 45% $11.00
7+ 90% $2.00 50% $10.00
0 0% $100.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $60.00 20% $80.00
2 50% $50.00 25% $75.00
3 60% $40.00 30% $70.00
4 70% $30.00 35% $65.00
5 80% $20.00 40% $60.00
6 90% $10.00 45% $55.00
7+ 90% $10.00 50% $50.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $99.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
2 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
3 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
4 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
5 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
6 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
7+ 0% $99.00 0% $99.00
0 0% $299.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
2 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
3 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
4 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
5 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
6 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
7+ 0% $299.00 0% $299.00
0 0% $19.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
2 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
3 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
4 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
5 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
6 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
7+ 0% $19.00 0% $19.00
0 0% $49.00 N/A N/A
1 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
2 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
3 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
4 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
5 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
6 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
7+ 0% $49.00 0% $49.00
0 0% $40.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $24.00 20% $32.00
2 50% $20.00 25% $30.00
3 60% $16.00 30% $28.00
4 70% $12.00 35% $26.00
5 80% $8.00 40% $24.00
6 90% $4.00 45% $22.00
7+ 90% $4.00 50% $20.00
0 0% $120.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $72.00 20% $96.00
2 50% $60.00 25% $90.00
3 60% $48.00 30% $84.00
4 70% $36.00 35% $78.00
5 80% $24.00 40% $72.00
6 90% $12.00 45% $66.00
7+ 90% $12.00 50% $60.00
0 0% $0.00 N/A N/A
1 40% $0.00 20% $0.00
2 50% $0.00 25% $0.00
3 60% $0.00 30% $0.00
4 70% $0.00 35% $0.00
5 80% $0.00 40% $0.00
6 90% $0.00 45% $0.00
7+ 90% $0.00 50% $0.00

Reseller discounts are not valid for VPS services. Prices shown do not include the current promotion on the ICDSoft website - if there is an active promotion on the ICDSoft website the higher discount takes precedence.

Partner Program Additional Features

Account Balance and Overdraft

To simplify transactions between resellers and us, we have implemented an account balance feature. All our larger resellers are using this feature and it allows them to order services without submitting a payment each time. Instead, the amount of the purchased service is added as a credit/overdraft to their account.

This service comes at no cost, and it does not increase the fees for resellers in any way. Its purpose is to save the valuable time of our resellers and minimize transaction fees. Resellers that are not eligible for the overdraft feature can top up their balance and use it to purchase products.

Site Integration with Order Widget

Do you want your customers to purchase hosting services from you directly on your website?

You can set up a form on your website to accept orders for services listed in our catalog. They can be labeled as your own brand, and you can set your own prices. The orders will be saved in the reseller interface and opened by us if the reseller account has enough funds. This allows the ordering process to be fully automated - your customers will receive their services immediately without any action required on your side.

Automated Renewal Notifications

Our system supports automatic and manual sending of renewal reminders for services (hosting accounts, domain registrations, and SSL certificates). These notifications are part of the Online Stores feature.

You can set up the templates and our system will notify your customers when a service is about to expire. This can save resellers countless of hours and help them focus on their business instead of going through the trouble of manually sending notifications to their customers.

Free Support for your End-Customers

Many start-up resellers face the same problem: they have found a reputable host, and they have prepared a good business model but there is one exception – they lack the resources or the expertise to provide adequate technical support in a timely manner.

We already have the solution for you – all your customers can use our renowned support system for any technical questions at no additional cost. Feel free to test our support team and see how quickly and thoroughly they respond to any technical questions.

Online Control Panel for each account

We place great emphasis on ease of management, and we put it on top of our list of priorities when designing our system. As a result, each hosting account on our servers gets its own Control Panel. Our customers can manage all aspects of their hosting service through the Control Panel.

Website Builder

Each account includes a Website Builder packed with hundreds of ready-to-use blocks, templates, color schemes and apps, letting your clients build modern and professionally designed websites quickly and easily. The Website Builder creates responsive websites automatically, so the websites will look good on all devices. Try the live demo of the Website Builder.

Rеsponsive Webmail

Roundcube is a modern, responsive, and functional webmail application that your clients can use to access their email from anywhere using just a web browser. We chose Roundcube as our new web-based email solution that comes bundled with our hosting service because it is a mature and well-written application that is easy to use and is being actively developed.

Ready to get started?

Frequently Asked Questions

Getting Started

Joining our reseller program is absolutely free - there are no hidden registration fees. You sign up and start using volume discounts right after purchasing your first hosting account.

Our reseller program does not require payments in advance. You can order services after you have received a payment from your customer.

The reseller program can be used for several purposes:

a) you can easily manage all your hosting accounts from a single interface, b) you can take advantage of special volume discounts, c) you can resell our hosting services to make a significant profit.

You get to run your own web hosting company without having to worry whether the hosting servers are running, or whether technical support is online, as these are tasks that we are taking care of. As a reseller you have one task to focus on - looking for new customers.

There is no explicit requirement to be a reseller to use our reseller interface. You could actively resell our services to your customers, or you could just manage all your own hosting accounts from one place and take advantage of the volume discounts. In any case, it is not mandatory to be an actual reseller of our hosting services. All purchases made through the Reseller Account Panel are at wholesale prices, formed by applying your reseller volume discount on the base prices of ICDSoft.

As a reseller, your discount increases with the number of active hosting accounts you have under your reseller account. You can purchase your second hosting account with 40% discount. If you reach 7 active hosting accounts, you will be able to open new accounts with 90% discount, and renew existing accounts with 50% discount. More information about our reseller discounts is available in the reseller discounts table above. This is a special offer that allows our customers and resellers to take advantage of an amazing pricing policy.

Hosting Company Website

In most cases, the answer to this question is yes. Even if you don't wish to expand your hosting business, your website can provide a way for your existing customers to renew their services. We don't believe there's a downside to having an online presence either.

We always strive to help our resellers as much as possible, and we have released a series of blog posts providing a great deal of details on how you can set up your own hosting website. You can find the first article here:

https://www.icdsoft.com/blog/start-your-own-hosting-company

We also have a number of YouTube videos regarding this. You may want to check our overview video here:

You don't need to be a professional developer or а website designer in order to resell our hosting services or build your own website. We would recommend that you take a look at our article debunking the most common reseller hosting myths:

https://www.icdsoft.com/blog/reseller-hosting-myths-and-questions-debunked/

Reseller Account Panel

After you sign up, you will be able to access your Reseller Account Panel at https://reseller.icdsoft.com. To set up your online store, you need to follow these general steps:

a) Create an online store through the Online Stores section of the Reseller Account Panel.

b) Create an account at one of the supported payment processors.

c) Configure your online store - products, prices, payment processors.

d) Download the online store widget, upload it to your site, and configure it. Alternatively, you can use our WordPress plugin, or our Hosted storefront solution.

e) (optional) Set up a reseller balance to process orders automatically.

f) Until you create an account at one of the supported online payment processors, you can use an offline payment method. It allows you to provide specific instructions to your customers as to how they must pay you. With this processor, your customers will see a page with instructions. You need to enter these instructions in the corresponding box. For example, you could provide instructions on how customers can send you money over a bank wire, or another offline payment method, such as a check, postal, or money order.

Your Account Balance represents the current amount that is available for your reseller account as a credit or overdraft. Your credit is the amount of money deposited directly into the account, and your overdraft is the amount we allow you to spend in a month without paying immediately. Further information is available for logged in users at https://reseller.icdsoft.com/Help#balance-general-information.

The overdraft is a feature that allows the reseller to order services without submitting a payment right away. Instead, the amount of the ordered services is accumulated, and the reseller can cover all purchased services for the month with a single payment (Monthly Bill). There is a minimum level - the overdraft would be enabled only if the calculated amount is over $100.00 USD. The overdraft amount is calculated according to a dynamic formula, based on the number of accounts/services in the Reseller Account Panel. The more active services you have in your Reseller account, and the longer they are prepaid for, the greater the amount of the allowed overdraft will be. Further information is available for logged in users in the Help section of the Reseller Account Panel:

https://reseller.icdsoft.com/Help#overdraft-monthly-bill-overview
https://reseller.icdsoft.com/Help#overdraft-eligibility
https://reseller.icdsoft.com/Help#overdraft-expiration

We do not impose any kind of interest rates or additional taxes on using the overdraft.

The hosting widget allows you to embed widget pages on your own website. To use the widget, you just need to add the proper code snippet to your new or existing pages. You can view example code snippets by visiting the web address of the widget. When the setup is ready, you should disable the example widget page via the configuration file of the widget.

You can resell any of the services we offer in our product catalog - web hosting packages, domain names, SSL certificates, additional resources (dedicated IP addresses, slots for parked domains, databases, etc.).

Payments and Profit

You can set your own retail prices for any of the services in our catalog. We would recommend that you stay competitive and set retail prices that are close to those of the other web hosting providers.

a) For online payments: PayPal, 2Checkout, ePay.bg, Authorize.Net, Stripe, PayU.com, PayDollar, Skrill.

b) For offline payments: Offline (generic), Bank transfer, Check, Cash payment, Western Union.

The Online Stores system allows you to have your end customer orders processed automatically on our side. This way the hosting account can be opened, and the customer can receive the account details without any action required on your side. To achieve this, you must have:

- an automatic payment method set for your store, such as 2Checkout or PayPal, for which our system receives a notification about the payments of your customers,

- Order Auto Processing enabled for the specific store,

- available balance in the Account Balance section of your Reseller Account Panel. You can have an available balance either through topping up the account balance, or through an overdraft for your account.

All orders can be processed manually as well, no matter if there is any payment received/recorded for the particular order or not. If you do not have available funds in your account, or if Order Auto Processing is turned off for your store, then you will have to process all orders manually. This means that you will need to confirm the order and make a payment to ICDSoft to complete the purchase.

Your profit is the difference between the retail price that you set up and our wholesale price for the specific product. You can set different retail prices for each product that you wish to resell through your online hosting stores.

When payments are processed through our system, they are directly deposited into the payment processor account of your choice. We receive a notification of the transaction, but no fees or commissions. This means that you receive the full order amount right away, and you submit your order to us afterwards. The process has the following steps:

- Your end customer places the order on your website, through the site widget.

- The order is recorded in the "Online Stores" -> "Orders" section.

- The order is moved to the Shopping cart section of your Reseller Account Panel. This could be done manually by you, or automatically - if you have Order Auto Processing on and available balance in your reseller account.

- You purchase the service from us, through the Shopping cart of your Reseller Account Panel, and the order is recorded on our servers. This step will also complete automatically if you have available balance and Order Auto Processing turned on.

Customer Support

All your customers can take full advantage of our professional technical support service absolutely free. They can seek assistance via the ticketing system, or via email.

Yes, we offer a free site migration service, and both you and your end customers can take advantage of it. You can learn more about the free site migration service at our Site migration FAQ and Site Migration terms sections.

Features and Services

We can host any domain name, regardless of its SLD or TLD. This includes internationalized domain names.

The list of TLDs (top level domains) offered by ICDSoft and their pricing can be found at our Domain Pricing List.

We offer free Let's Encrypt certificates and commercial GeoTrust and Sectigo certificates. You can find more information on our SSL Certificates page.

You can enable free Let's Encrypt certificates through the hosting Control Panel with a few clicks.

We don't specialize in design services, and we cannot offer expert assistance there. You can offer design services to your customers through a third-party company, though. Our support team is always ready to help install and troubleshoot web applications, but we cannot guarantee that we would be able to help with advanced problems related to programming and web design.

"I have hosted my business website with ICDSoft since 2002 (WHOA, 20 years!), and it has been the best experience. Never have they given me a single reason to look elsewhere. The customer and technical support is second to none… always a quick and thorough response. I'm definitely not a technical person... I know just enough to maintain a website, and I always feel like any time I've had an issue or question, the help desk people have been so great with helping me and explaining things in a way that a non-techy person can understand. I recommend ICDSoft to everyone looking for a web host or a new web host because over the past 20 years, I have not had a single negative experience with them."

Tara Lokey
https://www.taralokey.com/

"I have been an ICDSoft customer for 5 years now. You guys are consistently innovating, and improving your hosting services. There is no noise, ridiculous extra fees, and there is a friendly control panel. Also, the best service in the industry. I also enjoy the high level of flexibility your platform provides. It's perfect."

Chris Powell
http://www.brandmin.io

"I have had several hosting companies throughout the decades. ICD is the fastest, most helpful and efficient support I have ever experienced which is the main reason I choose to host my client's sites with you. You guys rock!"

Rabia Yeaman
https://www.pdxresale.com

"I have been using ICDSoft to host several websites for 12 years. I cannot praise them highly enough. The service is good and their control panel is extremely easy to use. The best thing about them is their customer support. They have always responded to my requests for help very promptly. The questions I ask of them are quite often related to problems I have caused myself. They are always willing to work through things with me and get stuff working."

Andy Tough
https://andytough.com

"I have been using ICDSoft's domain hosting services for the past 14 years. The quality of service and support provided has always been excellent. We have never experienced any problems that they did not resolve on a timely basis and their assistance has always been spot on. My philosophy is "if something works, don't change it."

David Jaggernauth, IT Officer/ Business Analyst
https://secucredituniontt.com

"ICDSoft offers incredible service. The hosting control panel is clean and can be modified and often new and useful items are added, the pricing is for hosting is unbelievable for the service received and incentives for adding accounts makes it even better. But the MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE of ICDSoft is the customer support. It is fast and reliable and INCREDIBLY HELPFUL! I truly can't believe that a company this amazing exists."

Glenn Burns
https://www.wwoofjapan.com

"These people are super-smart, knowledgeable and very patient. I have had a dozen websites hosted by ICDSoft over the past 15 years. The ICDSoft servers have never been down, the performance is outstanding. ICDSoft is very serious about customer service and offers the best web hosting service on the market, with very competitive rates. By far!"

Marc Descollonges
http://descoatelier.com

"I don't know how long I have been a customer but I have never had a problem that ya'll were not able to solve. Many times your support specialists just went into the various files and fixed it. I appreciate all of the answers to the 68 tickets I have posted over the years VERY MUCH!"

Lee Turner